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Classes

Reproductive & HPTA

Compounds acting on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, including TRT adjuncts.

5 compounds in this class. 4 approved by the FDA for at least one indication. 0 have no published human trial data.

Guides in this class

All 5 reproductive & HPTA compared

CompoundEvidenceReported rangeHalf-lifeStatus
Gonadorelin
Synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone, increasingly used alongside TRT to maintain testicular function.
 Regulator approved 100-200 mcg ~2-10 minutes Approved
hCG
A placental glycoprotein hormone that mimics LH directly at the testis, the long-standing standard for preserving fertility on TRT.
 Regulator approved 250 mcg - 1.5 mg ~24-36 hours Approved
HMG
A urine-derived preparation containing both FSH and LH activity, used where spermatogenesis needs FSH support.
 Regulator approved 75-150 mcg ~30-60 hours Approved
Kisspeptin-10
The upstream trigger for GnRH release, and the most physiologically natural way to stimulate the reproductive axis.
 Clinical trials 10-100 mcg ~4 minutes Research only
Triptorelin
A long-acting GnRH agonist that produces an initial LH surge and then profound suppression, depending entirely on how it is dosed.
 Regulator approved 100 mcg ~3 hours (immediate release) Approved

Head-to-head comparisons

Gonadorelin vs hCGGonadorelin vs Kisspeptin-10Gonadorelin vs HMGGonadorelin vs TriptorelinhCG vs HMGhCG vs Kisspeptin-10Kisspeptin-10 vs PT-141hCG vs Triptorelin

Reproductive & HPTA: common questions

What are reproductive & HPTA?

Compounds acting on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, including TRT adjuncts. This class has 5 compounds in our directory.

Which reproductive & HPTA are FDA approved?

Gonadorelin, hCG, HMG, Triptorelin are FDA approved for at least one indication. The others are not approved.

Which reproductive & HPTA have the strongest evidence?

By evidence level and number of human studies: hCG (regulator approved, ~60 human studies); HMG (regulator approved, ~50 human studies); Triptorelin (regulator approved, ~45 human studies).

Can compounding pharmacies make these?

Kisspeptin-10 is in FDA Category 2 (substances that may present significant safety risks), so US compounding pharmacies should not prepare it. Material sold online is labelled for research use only. Status checked against FDA lists in October 2026.

References

Regulatory and primary sources

  1. FDA: Bulk drug substances that may present significant safety risks (Category 2 and withdrawn nominations) ↗ · content current as of April 22, 2026; checked October 18, 2026
  2. FDA: Bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503A ↗ · how the 503A categories work
  3. FDA: Unapproved drugs ↗ · status of products sold "for research use only"
  4. WADA Prohibited List ↗ · peptide hormones and growth factors, class S2
  5. PubMed (National Library of Medicine) ↗ · source of every literature reference on this site

Published literature

  1. van Leusden HA. The flush revisited.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1994.PubMed 7713285 · doi:10.1016/0028-2243(94)90289-5
  2. Kyriazis I, Bellos T, Katsimperis S, et al.. Relugolix in treatment of prostate cancer: a review.Arch Ital Urol Androl 2025.PubMed 41247145 · doi:10.4081/aiua.2025.14277
  3. Florio S, Pagnini U, Crispino A, et al.. GnRH and steroids in cancer.Front Biosci 2002.PubMed 12045004 · doi:10.2741/A864
  4. Schwanzel-Fukuda M, Zheng LM, Bergen H, et al.. LHRH neurons: functions and development.Prog Brain Res 1992.PubMed 1480748 · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64572-0
  5. Armer RE, Smelt KH. Non-peptidic GnRH receptor antagonists.Curr Med Chem 2004.PubMed 15544487 · doi:10.2174/0929867043363983
  6. Dellis A, Papatsoris A. Therapeutic outcomes of the LHRH antagonists.Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2017.PubMed 28870102 · doi:10.1080/14737167.2017.1375855
  7. Pace JN, Miller JL, Rose LI. GnRH agonists: gonadorelin, leuprolide and nafarelin.Am Fam Physician 1991.PubMed 1835275
  8. Barbieri RL. Endometriosis 1990. Current treatment approaches.Drugs 1990.PubMed 2190793 · doi:10.2165/00003495-199039040-00003
  9. Khadilkar V, Mondkar SA. Micropenis.Indian J Pediatr 2023.PubMed 37079255 · doi:10.1007/s12098-023-04540-w
  10. Singla N, Bagrodia A, Baraban E, et al.. Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Review.JAMA 2025.PubMed 39899286 · doi:10.1001/jama.2024.27122
  11. Rahnema CD, Lipshultz LI, Crosnoe LE, et al.. Anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism: diagnosis and treatment.Fertil Steril 2014.PubMed 24636400 · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.002
  12. Abacı A, Besci Ö. A Current Perspective on Delayed Puberty and Its Management.J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2024.PubMed 38683021 · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2024.2024-2-7
  13. Latronico AC, Arnhold IJ. Gonadotropin resistance.Endocr Dev 2013.PubMed 23392092 · doi:10.1159/000342496
  14. Mihm M, Gangooly S, Muttukrishna S. The normal menstrual cycle in women.Anim Reprod Sci 2011.PubMed 20869180 · doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.08.030

Literature retrieved from PubMed on October 16, 2026, favouring human studies and reviews. Numbered markers in the text show which paper supports which statement; uncited entries are background reading.